using System;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Implab {

    /// <summary>
    /// Класс для асинхронного получения результатов. Так называемое "обещание".
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">Тип получаемого результата</typeparam>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>Сервис при обращении к его методу дает обещаиние о выполнении операции,
    /// клиент получив такое обещание может установить ряд обратных вызово для получения
    /// событий выполнения обещания, тоесть завершения операции и предоставлении результатов.</para>
    /// <para>
    /// Обещение может быть как выполнено, так и выполнено с ошибкой. Для подписки на
    /// данные события клиент должен использовать методы <c>Then</c>.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Сервис, в свою очередь, по окончанию выполнения операции (возможно с ошибкой),
    /// использует методы <c>Resolve</c> либо <c>Reject</c> для оповещения клиетна о
    /// выполнении обещания.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Если сервер успел выполнить обещание еще до того, как клиент на него подписался,
    /// то в момент подписки клиента будут вызваны соответсвующие события в синхронном
    /// режиме и клиент будет оповещен в любом случае. Иначе, обработчики добавляются в
    /// список в порядке подписания и в этом же порядке они будут вызваны при выполнении
    /// обещания.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Обрабатывая результаты обещания можно преобразовывать результаты либо инициировать
    /// связанные асинхронные операции, которые также возвращают обещания. Для этого следует
    /// использовать соответствующую форму методе <c>Then</c>.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Также хорошим правилом является то, что <c>Resolve</c> и <c>Reject</c> должен вызывать
    /// только инициатор обещания иначе могут возникнуть противоречия.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    public class Promise<T> : AbstractPromise<IDeferred<T>>, IPromise<T>, IDeferred<T> {

        class StubDeferred : IDeferred<T> {
            public static readonly StubDeferred instance = new StubDeferred();

            StubDeferred() {
            }

            #region IDeferred implementation

            public void Resolve(T value) {
            }

            public void Reject(Exception error) {
            }

            #endregion

            #region ICancellable implementation

            public void Cancel() {
            }

            #endregion


        }

        class RemapDescriptor<T2> : IDeferred<T> {
            readonly Func<T,T2> m_remap;
            readonly Func<Exception,T2> m_failed;
            readonly Func<T2> m_cancel;
            readonly IDeferred<T2> m_deferred;

            public RemapDescriptor(Func<T,T2> remap, Func<Exception,T2> failed, Func<T2> cancel, IDeferred<T2> deferred ) {
                Debug.Assert(deferred != null);
                m_remap = remap;
                m_failed = failed;
                m_cancel = cancel;
                m_deferred = deferred;
            }



            #region IDeferred implementation

            public void Resolve(T value) {
                if (m_remap != null) {
                    try {
                        m_deferred.Resolve(m_remap(value));
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                }
            }

            public void Reject(Exception error) {
                if (m_failed != null) {
                    try {
                        m_deferred.Resolve(m_failed(error));
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        m_deferred.Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Reject(error);
                }
            }


            #endregion

            #region ICancellable implementation

            public void Cancel() {
                if (m_cancel != null) {
                    try {
                        m_deferred.Resolve(m_cancel());
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Cancel();
                }
            }

            #endregion
        }

        class ListenerDescriptor : IDeferred<T> {
            readonly Action m_handler;
            readonly PromiseEventType m_events;

            public ListenerDescriptor(Action handler, PromiseEventType events) {
                Debug.Assert(handler != null);

                m_handler = handler;
                m_events = events;
            }

            #region IDeferred implementation

            public void Resolve(T value) {
                if (m_events.HasFlag(PromiseEventType.Success)) {
                    try {
                        m_handler();
                    // Analysis disable once EmptyGeneralCatchClause
                    } catch {
                    }
                }
            }

            public void Reject(Exception error) {
                if (m_events.HasFlag(PromiseEventType.Error)){
                    try {
                        m_handler();
                        // Analysis disable once EmptyGeneralCatchClause
                    } catch {
                    }
                }
            }

            #endregion

            #region ICancellable implementation

            public void Cancel() {
                if (m_events.HasFlag(PromiseEventType.Cancelled)){
                    try {
                        m_handler();
                        // Analysis disable once EmptyGeneralCatchClause
                    } catch {
                    }
                }
            }

            #endregion
        }

        class ValueEventDescriptor : IDeferred<T> {
            readonly Action<T> m_success;
            readonly Action<Exception> m_failed;
            readonly Action m_cancelled;
            readonly IDeferred<T> m_deferred;

            public ValueEventDescriptor(Action<T> success, Action<Exception> failed, Action cancelled, IDeferred<T> deferred) {
                Debug.Assert(deferred != null);

                m_success = success;
                m_failed = failed;
                m_cancelled = cancelled;
                m_deferred = deferred;
            }

            #region IDeferred implementation

            public void Resolve(T value) {
                if (m_success != null) {
                    try {
                        m_success(value);
                        m_deferred.Resolve(value);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                }
            }

            public void Reject(Exception error) {
                if (m_failed != null) {
                    try {
                        m_failed(error);
                        m_deferred.Resolve(default(T));
                    } catch(Exception ex) {
                        m_deferred.Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Reject(error);
                }
            }

            #endregion

            #region ICancellable implementation

            public void Cancel() {
                if (m_cancelled != null) {
                    try {
                        m_cancelled();
                        m_deferred.Resolve(default(T));
                    } catch(Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Cancel();
                }
            }

            #endregion
        }

        public class EventDescriptor : IDeferred<T> {
            readonly Action m_success;
            readonly Action<Exception> m_failed;
            readonly Action m_cancelled;
            readonly IDeferred<T> m_deferred;

            public EventDescriptor(Action success, Action<Exception> failed, Action cancelled, IDeferred<T> deferred) {
                Debug.Assert(deferred != null);

                m_success = success;
                m_failed = failed;
                m_cancelled = cancelled;
                m_deferred = deferred;
            }

            #region IDeferred implementation

            public void Resolve(T value) {
                if (m_success != null) {
                    try {
                        m_success();
                        m_deferred.Resolve(value);
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                }
            }

            public void Reject(Exception error) {
                if (m_failed != null) {
                    try {
                        m_failed(error);
                        m_deferred.Resolve(default(T));
                    }catch (Exception ex) 
                    {
                        m_deferred.Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Reject(error);
                }

            }

            #endregion

            #region ICancellable implementation

            public void Cancel() {
                if (m_cancelled != null) {
                    try {
                        m_cancelled();
                        m_deferred.Resolve(default(T));
                    } catch (Exception ex) {
                        Reject(ex);
                    }
                } else {
                    m_deferred.Cancel();
                }
            }

            #endregion
        }

        T m_result;

        public virtual void Resolve(T value) {
            if (BeginSetResult()) {
                m_result = value;
                EndSetResult();
            }
        }

        public void Reject(Exception error) {
            SetError(error);
        }

        public Type PromiseType {
            get {
                return typeof(T);
            }
        }

        public new T Join() {
            WaitResult(-1);
            return m_result;
        }
        public new T Join(int timeout) {
            WaitResult(timeout);
            return m_result;
        }
            
        public IPromise<T> On(Action<T> success, Action<Exception> error, Action cancel) {
            AddHandler(new ValueEventDescriptor(success, error, cancel, StubDeferred.instance));
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise<T> On(Action<T> success, Action<Exception> error) {
            AddHandler(new ValueEventDescriptor(success, error, null, StubDeferred.instance));
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise<T> On(Action<T> success) {
            AddHandler(new ValueEventDescriptor(success, null, null, StubDeferred.instance));
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise<T> On(Action handler, PromiseEventType events) {
            Listen(events, handler);
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Then<T2>(Func<T, T2> mapper, Func<Exception, T2> error, Func<T2> cancel) {
            var promise = new Promise<T2>();
            if (mapper != null)
                promise.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);
            AddHandler(new RemapDescriptor<T2>(mapper, error, cancel, promise));
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Then<T2>(Func<T, T2> mapper, Func<Exception, T2> error) {
            var promise = new Promise<T2>();
            if (mapper != null)
                promise.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);
            AddHandler(new RemapDescriptor<T2>(mapper, error, null, promise));
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Then<T2>(Func<T, T2> mapper) {
            var promise = new Promise<T2>();
            if (mapper != null)
                promise.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);
            AddHandler(new RemapDescriptor<T2>(mapper, null, null, promise));
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Chain<T2>(Func<T, IPromise<T2>> chained, Func<Exception, IPromise<T2>> error, Func<IPromise<T2>> cancel) {
            // this promise will be resolved when an asyc operation is started
            var promise = new Promise<IPromise<T2>>();

            AddHandler(new RemapDescriptor<IPromise<T2>>(
                chained,
                error,
                cancel,
                promise
            ));

            var medium = new Promise<T2>();

            if (chained != null)
                medium.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);

            // we need to connect started async operation with the medium
            // if the async operation hasn't been started by the some reason
            // report is to the medium
            promise.On(
                result => ConnectPromise<T2>(result, medium),
                medium.Reject,
                medium.Cancel
            );

            return medium;
        }

        static void ConnectPromise<T2>(IPromise<T2> result, Promise<T2> medium) {
            if (result != null) {
                result.On(
                    medium.Resolve,
                    medium.Reject,
                    () => medium.Reject(new OperationCanceledException())
                );
                medium.On(result.Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);
            } else {
                medium.Reject(
                    new NullReferenceException(
                        "The chained asynchronous operation returned" +
                        " 'null' where the promise instance is expected"
                    )
                );
            }
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Chain<T2>(Func<T, IPromise<T2>> chained, Func<Exception, IPromise<T2>> error) {
            return Chain(chained, error, null);
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Chain<T2>(Func<T, IPromise<T2>> chained) {
            return Chain(chained, null, null);
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Error<T2>(Func<Exception, T2> error) {
            var promise = new Promise<T2>();
            if (error != null)
                On(
                    (Action<T>)null,
                    ex => {
                        try {
                            promise.Resolve(error(ex));
                        } catch (Exception ex2) {
                            promise.Reject(ex2);
                        }
                    }
                );
            else
                Listen(PromiseEventType.Error, () => promise.Resolve(default(T2)));
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Cancelled<T2>(Func<T2> handler) {
            var promise = new Promise<T2>();
            if (handler != null)
                On(
                    (Action<T>)null,
                    null,
                    () => {
                        try {
                            promise.Resolve(handler());
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            promise.Reject(ex);
                        }
                });
            else
                Listen(PromiseEventType.Cancelled, () => promise.Resolve(default(T2)));
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise Then(Action success, Action<Exception> error, Action cancel) {
            var promise = new Promise<T>();
            if (success != null)
                promise.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);

            AddHandler(new EventDescriptor(success, error, cancel, promise));

            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise Then(Action success, Action<Exception> error) {
            return Then(success, error, null);
        }

        public IPromise Then(Action success) {
            return Then(success, null, null);
        }

        public IPromise Chain(Func<IPromise> chained, Func<Exception, IPromise> error, Func<IPromise> cancel) {
            var promise = new Promise<IPromise>();

            AddHandler(
                new RemapDescriptor<IPromise>(
                    x => chained(),
                    error,
                    cancel,
                    promise
                )
            );

            var medium = new Promise();
            if (chained != null)
                medium.On(Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);

            promise.On(
                result => ConnectPromise(result, medium),
                medium.Reject,
                medium.Cancel
            );

            return medium;
        }

        static void ConnectPromise(IPromise result, Promise medium) {
            if (result != null) {
                result.On(
                    medium.Resolve,
                    medium.Reject,
                    () => medium.Reject(new OperationCanceledException())
                );
                medium.On(result.Cancel, PromiseEventType.Cancelled);
            } else {
                medium.Reject(
                    new NullReferenceException(
                        "The chained asynchronous operation returned" +
                        " 'null' where the promise instance is expected"
                    )
                );
            }
        }

        public IPromise Chain(Func<IPromise> chained, Func<Exception, IPromise> error) {
            return Chain(chained, error, null);
        }

        public IPromise Chain(Func<IPromise> chained) {
            return Chain(chained, null, null);
        }

        public IPromise On(Action success, Action<Exception> error, Action cancel) {
            AddHandler(new EventDescriptor(success,error,cancel, StubDeferred.instance));
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise On(Action success, Action<Exception> error) {
            AddHandler(new EventDescriptor(success, error, null, StubDeferred.instance));
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise On(Action success) {
            Listen(PromiseEventType.Success, success);
            return this;
        }

        IPromise IPromise.On(Action handler, PromiseEventType events) {
            Listen(events,handler);
            return this;
        }

        public IPromise Error(Action<Exception> error) {
            var promise = new Promise();
            if (error != null)
                On(
                    (Action<T>)null,
                    ex => {
                    try {
                        error(ex);
                        promise.Resolve();
                    } catch (Exception ex2) {
                        promise.Reject(ex2);
                    }
                });
            else
                Listen(PromiseEventType.Error, promise.Resolve);
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise Cancelled(Action handler) {
            var promise = new Promise();
            if (handler != null)
                On(
                    (Action<T>)null,
                    null,
                    () => {
                        try {
                            handler();
                            promise.Resolve();
                        } catch (Exception ex) {
                            promise.Reject(ex);
                        }
                    });
            else
                Listen(PromiseEventType.Cancelled, promise.Resolve);
            return promise;
        }

        public IPromise<T2> Cast<T2>() {
            return (IPromise<T2>)this;
        }

        #region implemented abstract members of AbstractPromise

        protected override void SignalSuccess(IDeferred<T> handler) {
            handler.Resolve(m_result);
        }

        protected override void SignalError(IDeferred<T> handler, Exception error) {
            handler.Reject(error);
        }

        protected override void SignalCancelled(IDeferred<T> handler) {
            handler.Cancel();
        }

        protected override void Listen(PromiseEventType events, Action handler) {
            if (handler != null)
                AddHandler(new ListenerDescriptor(handler, events));
        }
            
        #endregion

        public static IPromise<T> ResultToPromise(T value) {
            var p = new Promise<T>();
            p.Resolve(value);
            return p;
        }

        public static IPromise<T> ExceptionToPromise(Exception error) {
            var p = new Promise<T>();
            p.Reject(error);
            return p;
        }

    }
}